Friday, June 28, 2013
Fatty acids found in fish linked to lower risk of breast cancer
A high intake of fatty acids found in fish is associated with a 14% reduction in the risk of breast cancer in later life, finds a study published on bmj.com.
The results show that each 0.1 g per day or 0.1% energy per day increment of intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) derived from fish was associated with a 5% reduction in risk. To achieve this risk reduction, intake of oily fish such as salmon, tuna or sardines should be 1-2 portions per person per week.
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, accounting for 23% of total cancer cases and 14% of cancer deaths in 2008. Studies suggest that a healthy diet and lifestyle is crucial for the prevention of breast cancer, and dietary fat is one of the most intensively studied dietary factors closely related with risk.
The n-3 PUFAs include ALA, EPA, DPA and DHA. They are involved in chemical messaging in the brain, helping to regulate blood vessel activity and areas of the immune system. The main dietary sources of EPA, DPA and DHA come from oily fish, while ALA is found mainly in nuts, seeds, and leafy green vegetables.
Although n-3 PUFAs are the most promising types of fat to reduce cancer risk, results from human studies are inconsistent.
So a team of researchers based in China set out to investigate the association between fish and n-3 PUFA intake and the risk of breast cancer. Levels were measured from both dietary sources and blood tests.
They reviewed and analysed the results of 26 studies from the United States, Europe and Asia involving over 800,000 participants and over 20,000 cases of breast cancer.
Marine n-3 PUFA was associated with a 14% reduction of breast cancer between the highest and lowest category of marine n-3 PUFA intake. The risk was lowest in Asian populations, probably because fish intake is much higher in Asia than in western countries, say the authors.
Further analysis indicated a dose response: each 0.1 g per day or 0.1% energy per day increment of intake was associated with a 5% reduction in risk. However, no significant protective association was found for ALA - the plant based n-3 PUFA.
The authors say their analysis, together with previous publications, “supports a protective role of marine n-3 PUFA on the incidence of breast cancer.”
They conclude: “Our present study provides solid and robust evidence that marine n-3 PUFA are inversely associated with risk of breast cancer.”
Thursday, June 27, 2013
Higher omega-3 fatty acids in blood = reduced risk of hip fractures
Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood may reduce the risk for hip fractures in postmenopausal women, recent research suggests.
Scientists analyzed red blood cell samples from women with and without a history of having a broken hip. The study showed that higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids from both plant and fish sources in those blood cells were associated with a lower likelihood of having fractured a hip.
In addition to omega-3s, the researchers looked at omega-6 fatty acids, which are generally plentiful in a Western diet. The study also showed that as the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3s increased, so did the risk for hip fracture.
Though the study did not define the mechanisms for these relationships, the researchers hypothesized that inflammation may contribute to bone resorption, the breaking down of bone caused by the release of cells called osteoclasts.
“Inflammation is associated with an increased risk of bone loss and fractures, and omega-3 fatty acids are believed to reduce inflammation. So we asked if we would see fractures decrease in response to omega-3 intake,” said Rebecca Jackson, the study’s senior author and a professor of endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism at The Ohio State University.
“One thing that was critically important was that we didn’t use self-report of food intake, because there can be errors with that. We looked directly at the exposure of the bone cell to the fatty acids, which is at the red blood cell level,” said Jackson, also associate dean for clinical research in Ohio State’s College of Medicine. “Red blood cell levels also give an indication of long-term exposure to these fatty acids, which we took into account in looking for a preventive effect.”
Broken hips are the most common osteoporosis-related fractures, with an estimated 350,000 occurring annually in the United States. About 20 percent of people die in the year following a hip fracture.
The research is published in a recent issue of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.
The observational study did not measure cause and effect, so the researchers say the findings are not definitive enough to suggest that taking omega-3 supplements would prevent hip fractures in postmenopausal women.
“We don’t yet know whether omega-3 supplementation would affect results for bone health or other outcomes,” said Tonya Orchard, assistant professor of human nutrition at Ohio State and first author of the study. “Though it’s premature to make a nutrition recommendation based on this work, I do think this study adds a little more strength to current recommendations to include more omega-3s in the diet in the form of fish, and suggests that plant sources of omega-3 may be just as important for preventing hip fractures in women.”
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are both polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids, meaning they contribute to biological processes but must be consumed because the body does not produce them on its own. Previous research has suggested that while both types of fatty acids are linked to health benefits, omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and omega-6 fatty acids seem to have both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects.
The researchers used blood samples and hip fracture records from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a large national prospective study of postmenopausal women that enrolled participants between 1993 and 1998 and followed them for 15 years. For this new work, the sample consisted of red blood cell samples and records from 324 pairs of WHI participants, half of whom had broken their hips before Aug. 15, 2008, and the other half composed of age-matched controls who had never broken a hip.
The analysis showed that higher levels of total omega-3 fatty acids and two other specific kinds of omega-3s alone were associated with a lower risk of hip breaks in the study sample.
On the other hand, women who had the highest ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids had nearly twice the risk of hip fractures compared to women with the lowest ratios. The current typical American diet contains between 15 and 17 times more omega-6 than omega-3, a ratio that previous research has suggested should be lowered to 4-to-1, or even 2-to-1, by increasing omega-3s, to improve overall health. The primary omega-6 fatty acid in the diet is linoleic acid, which composes about 99 percent of Americans’ omega-6 intake and is found in corn, soybean, safflower and sunflower oils.
The specific omega-3 sources associated with lower risk for broken hips were ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), which comes from plant sources such as flaxseed oil and some nuts, and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), which is found in fatty types of fish. The other marine-sourced omega-3, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), on its own did not have a significant link to lower hip-fracture risk, “but all three omega-3s were in the protective direction,” Orchard said.
Jackson, who was a vice chair of the WHI for more than a decade, said continuing analyses of data from the WHI will dig down to the genetic influences on metabolism and absorption of nutrients, and whether such genetic differences could affect health risk factors in postmenopausal women.
Thursday, June 20, 2013
Total amount of exercise important, not frequency, research shows
A new study by Queen’s University researchers has determined that adults who accumulated 150 minutes of exercise on a few days of the week were not any less healthy than adults who exercised more frequently throughout the week.
Ian Janssen and his graduate student Janine Clarke studied 2,324 adults from across Canada to determine whether the frequency of physical activity throughout the week is associated with risk factors for diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
“The findings indicate that it does not matter how adults choose to accumulate their 150 weekly minutes of physical activity,” says Dr. Janssen. “For instance, someone who did not perform any physical activity on Monday to Friday but was active for 150 minutes over the weekend would obtain the same health benefits from their activity as someone who accumulated 150 minutes of activity over the week by doing 20-25 minutes of activity on a daily basis.”
Physical activity was measured continuously throughout the week by having research participants wear accelerometers on their waists. Accelerometers are tiny electrical devices (about the size of a small package of matches) that record how much a person moves every minute.
Dr. Janssen divided the adults who met the physical activity guidelines (more than 150 minutes per week of aerobic activity) into those who were frequently active (active five to seven days of the week) and infrequently active (active one to four days of the week).
“The important message is that adults should aim to accumulate at least 150 minutes of weekly physical activity in whatever pattern that works for their schedule.”
The paper was published today in Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
Tuesday, June 18, 2013
Central Sleep Apnea Causes
Central Sleep Apnea Overview
Most discussions of Sleep Apnea concentrate on Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its remedy. Sleep Apneas, however, come in extra than one type.
The sleeper who suffers from Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA ) periodically struggles to breathe but is unable to inhale proficiently because his or her airway has collapsed. The sleeper whose problem is Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) periodically doesn't breathe at all, or breathes so shallowly that oxygen intake is ineffectual. In either variety of Sleep Apnea, the lack of oxygen usually causes the patient to wake up, at least briefly.
To place it a different way, the Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA ) patient features a mechanical issue, a single that just about always may be corrected by a continuous constructive airway pressure device. Therapy with the CSA patient is additional challenging because the signal to the physique to inhale just isn't becoming transmitted from the breathing center within the brain.
Sleep specialists report that the good majority of central apnea sufferers also knowledge Obstructive Sleep Apnea while the CSA may possibly not be noted until the OSA is treated. In some circumstances the sleeping CSA patient displays not a periodic failure to breathe at all but a periodic shallow breathing or under breathing that alternates with deep over breathing, a situation referred to as Cheyne-Stokes breathing. Estimates differ as to the frequency of Central Sleep Apnea . Some say it accounts for 20 % of all circumstances of Sleep Apnea. Michael Coppola, M.D., a pulmonary, critical care and sleep problems doctor in Springfield, MA, who's a member of your American Sleep Apnea Association board of directors, concerns that quantity.
"I don't think it is 20 %," he mentioned inside a current interview, "but it's substantial."
The symptoms of Central Sleep Apnea are for essentially the most component the identical as these of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. They incorporate chronic fatigue, daytime sleepiness, morning headaches and restless sleep. But if the trigger is often a neurological illness, the CSA sufferer could also encounter difficulty swallowing, voice adjustments, and an all round sense of weakness and numbness. A thorough sleep study with polysomnography will show whether the lapses in breathing result from airway blockage or irregular breathe signals in the brain.
CSA often happens among folks who are seriously ill from other causes: chronic heart failure; ailments of and injuries to the brainstem, the upper terminus of the spine, which controls breathing; Parkinson's disease; stroke; kidney failure; even severe arthritis with degenerative changes towards the cervical spine and base from the skull. It's noticed among users of opiates. And there's idiopathic CSA, which just means the trigger is unknown. "For idiopathic apnea, the outlook is generally favorable," notes Medline Plus, a web-based data service of your National Library of Medicine along with the National Institutes of Overall health.
An online discussion of Central Sleep Apnea ready by experts at Minnesota's Mayo Clinic breaks the disease down into five kinds:
Main CSA, which can be the same as idiopathic CSA--the patient has no known connected ailments.
Cheyne-Stokes breathing CSA, which might be an item of heart failure, stroke, or probable kidney failure.
Non-CSB CSA associated with other medical situations, such as heart and kidney issues.
High-altitude CSA, which usually seems for the duration of sleep at altitudes above 15,000 feet, and induces a form of Cheyne-Stokes breathing with noticeably shorter cycles than classical CSB.
CSA induced by the use of certain drugs, commonly opiates.
Variety 4 commonly disappears when the patient descends to reduce altitudes, and form five is greatest treated by alteration or elimination of the drug regimen, the Mayo write-up said.
However, when CSA is usually a byproduct of some other disease, the outlook tends to be extra discouraging, based on Medline Plus. Treatmentof those complex varieties of CSA usually gets in touch with for aggressive therapy in the accompanying situation by another medical specialist, by way of example, a cardiologist within the case of heart failure'
"Central patients are a lot more difficult," stated Coppola. "The difficult a part of individuals going back and forth calls for careful coordination among the breathing doctor and also the heart care specialist. It's critical that the sleep doctor coordinate using the cardiologist."
He paused, and then added, "Unfortunately sleep medicine is typically practiced in a tunnel."
In some situations successful therapy from the accompanying illness, if there's a single, reduces or eliminates the CSA, but there are generally treatments that the sleep physician can pursue in tandem. In circumstances exactly where CSA is associated with heart failure, the patient at times has slow blood flow as well as erratic breathing and consequently is awakened regularly by a sheer lack of oxygen, Coppola noted. "You cannot repair that with CPAP, but oxygen therapy ordinarily helps," he mentioned.
Apart from these individuals, about half of these suffering from CSA can be managed on CPAP alone, Coppola said. In other individuals, he continued, the CSA patient may perhaps be assisted by a device recognized as adaptive servo-ventilator, which monitors the patient's breathing and kicks in with additional stress, which may be mixed with further oxygen, when the typical respiration pattern breaks down. Some patients are helped by unvented CPAP masks, which tend to raise the degree of retained carbon dioxide inside the blood. This in turn raises the blood's acidity and that tends to damp down over breathing. The elimination of over breathing discourages the shallow under breathing that normally follows in classic examples of Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
The effect of using an unvented mask is a great deal the identical as the impact of breathing into a paper bag, a homespun strategy slowing over breathing, or hyperventilation, as it is technically recognized.
Rahul K. Kakkar, M.D., director with the Sleep Problems Center on the North Florida-South Georgia Veterans Affairs Health System wrote in an short article published on line in 2009 by that two drugs located sometimes powerful in the remedy of CSA: acetazolamide (Diamox) and theophyline (Theo-dur).But he also noted that in certain situations the most effective treatment of Central Sleep Apnea is practically nothing at all.
"If the [CSA] patient isn't symptomatic, observation might be the only appropriate step. This may be the case in individuals that have Central Sleep Apnea throughout sleep-wake transition, individuals devoid of significant oxygen desideration, or those who experience Central Sleep Apnea for the duration of continuous PAP (CPAP) remedy of Obstructive Sleep Apnea."
Eating more red meat associated with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes
Eating more red meat over time is associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a follow-up of three studies of about 149,000 U.S. men and women, according to a report published Online First by JAMA Internal Medicine, a JAMA Network publication.
Red meat consumption has been consistently related to an increased risk of T2DM, but previous studies measured red meat consumption at a baseline with limited follow-up information. However, a person's eating behavior changes over time and measurement of consumption at a single point in time does not capture the variability of intake during follow-up, the authors note in the study background.
An Pan, Ph.D., of the National University of Singapore, and colleagues analyzed data from three Harvard group studies and followed up 26,357 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study; 48,709 women in the Nurses' Health Study; and 74,077 women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Diets were assessed using food frequency questionnaires.
During more than 1.9 million person-years of follow-up, researchers documented 7,540 incident cases of T2DM.
"Increasing red meat intake during a four-year interval was associated with an elevated risk of T2DM during the subsequent four years in each cohort," according to the study.
The results indicate that compared with a group with no change in red meat intake, increasing red meat intake of more than 0.50 servings per day was associated with a 48 percent elevated risk in the subsequent four-year period. Reducing red meat consumption by more than 0.50 servings per day from baseline to the first four years of follow-up was associated with a 14 percent lower risk during the subsequent entire follow-up.
The authors note the study is observational so causality cannot be inferred.
"Our results confirm the robustness of the association between red meat and T2DM and add further evidence that limiting red meat consumption over time confers benefits for T2DM prevention," the authors conclude.
(JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 17, 2013. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6633. Available pre-embargo to the media at http://media.jamanetwork.com.)
Editor's Note: This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health. An author also made a funding disclosure. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Commentary: Oxygen-Carrying Proteins in Meat and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
In an invited commentary, William J. Evans, Ph.D., of GlaxoSmithKline and Duke University, Durham, N.C., writes: "The article by Pan et al confirms previous observations that the consumption of so-called red meat is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."
"Perhaps a better description of the characteristics of the meat consumed with the greatest effect on risk is the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content rather than the amount of oxygen-carrying proteins," Evans continues.
"A recommendation to consume less red meat may help to reduce the epidemic of T2DM. However, the overwhelming preponderance of molecular, cellular, clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that public health messages should be directed toward the consumption of high-quality protein that is low in total and saturated fat. … These public health recommendations should include cuts of red meat that are also low in fat, along with fish, poultry and low-fat dairy products. It is not the type of protein (or meat) that is the problem: it is the type of fat," Evans concludes.
Aspirin may fight cancer by slowing DNA damage
Aspirin is known to lower risk for some cancers, and a new study led by a UC San Francisco scientist points to a possible explanation, with the discovery that aspirin slows the accumulation of DNA mutations in abnormal cells in at least one pre-cancerous condition.
"Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are commonly available and cost-effective medications, may exert cancer-preventing effects by lowering mutation rates," said Carlo Maley, PhD, a member of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and an expert on how cancers evolve in the body over time.
In the study, published June 13 in the online journal PLOS Genetics, Maley, working with gastroenterologist and geneticist Brian Reid, MD, PhD, of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, analyzed biopsy samples from 13 patients with a pre-cancerous condition called Barrett's esophagus who were tracked for six to 19 years. In an "observational crossover" study design, some patients started out taking daily aspirin for several years, and then stopped, while others started taking aspirin for the first time during observation. The goal was to track the rate of mutations in tissues sampled at different times.
The researchers found that biopsies taken while patients were on an aspirin had on average accumulated new mutations about 10 times more slowly than biopsies obtained during years when patients were not taking aspirin.
"This is the first study to measure genome-wide mutation rates of a pre-malignant tissue within patients for more than a decade, and the first to evaluate how aspirin affects those rates," Maley said.
Gender and ethnic distribution of study patients reflected the known demographics of esophageal cancer, which predominantly affects, white, middle-aged and elderly men, he said. Barrett's esophagus only occasionally progresses to esophageal cancer.
Cancers are known to accumulate mutations over time much more rapidly than normal tissue, and different mutations arise in different groups of cells within the same tumor. The acquisition of key mutations ultimately allows tumor cells to grow out of control, and diversity within a tumor may foster drug resistance, a phenomenon that is a major focus of Maley's research.
Maley plans to test a hypothesis that may explain the results — that aspirin's lowering of mutation rates is due to the drug's effect of reducing inflammation. Inflammation, a response of the immune system, in recent years has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Maley said that less inflammation may result in less production within pre-cancerous tissue of oxidants known to damage DNA, and may dampen growth-stimulating signaling.
For the duration of the study, the rate of accumulation of mutations measured in the biopsied tissue between time points was slow, even when patients were not taking aspirin, with the exception of one patient. While mutations accumulated at a steady rate, the vast majority of mutations arose before the abnormal tissue was first detected in the clinic, the researchers concluded.
These findings are consistent with the fact that although Barrett's esophagus is a significant risk factor for esophageal cancer, the vast majority of cases do not progress to cancer, Maley said.
In the one patient who later went on to develop cancer, a population of cellular "clones" with a great number of mutations emerged shortly before he started taking aspirin.
More studies are needed to further explore the link between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mutation rates and the development of invasive cancer, Maley said. He plans to continue studying Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer, and to expand his research to investigate lung cancer.
Rather than aiming to kill the most tumor cells, it may be better to try to halt or slow growth and mutation. Current drug treatments for cancer may in many cases hasten the emergence of cancer that is more difficult to eradicate, according to Maley. The capability to mutate frequently allows tumors to become resistant to drug treatment, he said. A better-adapted mutant can begin to spin off a population of genetic clones that survives and grows, while poorly adapted tumor cells die off.
Timing of calcium and vitamin D supplementation may affect how bone adapts to exercise
Taking calcium and vitamin D before exercise may influence how bones adapt to exercise, according to a new study. The results will be presented on Tuesday at The Endocrine Society's 95th Annual Meeting in San Francisco.
"The timing of calcium supplementation, and not just the amount of supplementation, may be an important factor in how the skeleton adapts to exercise training," said study lead author Vanessa D. Sherk, PhD, postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. "Further research, however, is needed to determine whether the timing of calcium supplementation affects the skeletal adaptations to exercise training."
Previous research has shown that a year of intense training is associated with substantial decreases in bone mineral density among competitive road cyclists. Experts believe that this kind of exercise-induced bone loss could be related to the loss of calcium during exercise. As blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid gland produces excess parathyroid hormone, which can mobilize calcium from the skeleton.
In this study, investigators found that an exercise-induced decrease in blood calcium occurred whether calcium supplements were taken before or after exercising. Pre-exercise supplementation, however, resulted in less of a decrease. Although not statistically significant, parathyroid hormone levels increased slightly less among cyclists who took calcium before exercising.
"These findings are relevant to individuals who engage in vigorous exercise and may lose a substantial amount of calcium through sweating," Sherk said. "Taking calcium before exercise may help keep blood levels more stable during exercise, compared to taking the supplement afterwards, but we do not yet know the long-term effects of this on bone density."
The timing of calcium supplementation did not cause a difference in blood levels of a compound that is a biological indicator of bone loss. Both the before- and after-exercise groups exhibited 50-percent increases in the level of this compound, called CTX, for collagen type-1 C-telopeptide.
Study participants included 52 men aged 18 to 45 years. Investigators randomly assigned participants to take 1,000 milligrams of calcium and 1,000 international units of vitamin D either 30 minutes before or one hour after exercise. The exercise comprised a simulated 35-kilometer time trial, and participants wore skin patches to absorb sweat.
Investigators measured blood levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone before and immediately after exercise. They also measured CTX before and 30 minutes after exercise. They used pre- and post-body weight, adjusted for fluid intake, combined with the calcium measured in the sweat from the skin patches, to estimate the amount of calcium lost through the skin during exercise.
Monday, June 17, 2013
Vitamin D Can Help Prevent Hypertension
The world's largest study to examine the link between vitamin D levels and hypertension has found that low levels of Vitamin D can be a major cause of hypertension.
Researchers presented their findings at the annual conference of the European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG).
Data were gathered from 35 studies, which included more than 155,000 participants from different parts of Europe and North America.
Dr. Vimal Karani S, from the Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, led the study.
Participants with high levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) had reduced blood pressure and were at a lower risk of developing hypertension.
Dr. Vimal Karani S, said:
"We knew from earlier observational studies that low 25(OH)D concentrations were likely to be associated with increases in blood pressure and hypertension, but correlation is not causality.
Additionally, randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in humans have produced inconsistent effects on cardiovascular outcomes. The whole picture was somewhat confused, and we decided to try to figure it out once and for all."
To measure the individuals' vitamin D status and test for an association with blood pressure, the researchers used genetic variations called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs as proxy markers.
For every 10% increase in 25(OH)D concentrations the researchers noted the risk of developing hypertension decreased by 8.1%.
Dr. Karani S., said that the approach they followed, called Mendelian randomization, allowed them to make accurate conclusions, "by using this approach we can determine the cause and effect and be pretty sure that we've come to the right conclusion on the subject."
The researchers said that Vitamin D deficiency is a very common problem in the Western world, particularly because obesity can cause Vitamin D deficiency and obesity levels are highest in Western countries, according to a study published in a recent issue of PLoS Medicine
People with high levels of vitamin D in their blood enjoy several benefits, apart from improved bone health. Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine reported in PLOS ONE that people with high levels of vitamin D have significantly better immunity and a reduced risk of several diseases.
Vitamin D insufficiency (between 21-29 ng/mL) and vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) lead to a heightened risk of:
Dr. Karani said that the study provides further data to support the importance of vitamin D. It suggests that vitamin D supplements or food fortification can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
He concluded:
"We now intend to continue this work by examining the causal relationship between vitamin D status and other cardiovascular disease-related outcomes such as lipid-related phenotypes, for example,cholesterol, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, and type 2 diabetes and markers of glucose metabolism.
We believe that we still have a lot to find out about the effect of Vitamin D deficiency on health, and we now know that we have the tools to do so."
Friday, June 14, 2013
Sleep Apnea Treatment
Sleep Apnea Treatment
Sleep Apnea is a disorder in which one particular repeatedly stops breathing during the evening. It has several prospective causes, all of which lead the upper airway to collapse although a person is asleep. Sleep Apnea Treatment is needed to prevent important health troubles.
Addressing the Cause Of Sleep Apnea
To be able to avert the obstruction in the airway, which is the most typical cause of sleep apnea, there is Sleep Apnea Treatment that's the best choice. To keep the upper airway open, it can be usually required to assistance it with a continuous flow of air delivered by way of a face mask worn while sleeping. This most typical Sleep Apnea Treatment is continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP. There is certainly also a comparable alternative known as bilevel positive airway pressure, or BiPAP.
Sleep Apnea Treatment
What to Expect with CPAP
As soon as it has been determined by a physician that that is the most beneficial Sleep Apnea Treatment selection, it is required to pay a visit to using a provider of tough healthcare gear. The CPAP machine will likely be set having a prescribed pressure, and also other equipment -- including a humidifier, hosing, as well as a personally fitted mask -- will probably be issued. It's important to discover a mask that is definitely comfortable, with minimal leakage when it really is worn. Most men and women who use CPAP are in a position to tolerate it immediately after a number of weeks of common use. A number of people could have to have to address minor nuisance challenges.
Are There Other Solutions Of Sleep Apnea Treatment ?
Despite the fact that CPAP therapy is clearly the most effective alternative in moderate to extreme Sleep
- Fat loss
- Surgery to get rid of excess tissue inside the throat
- Positional sleep aids (including "sleep shirts" or wedges)
- Dental devices to move the reduce jaw forwar
- Oxygen support (which can be not usually sufficient alone)
What would be the Advantages of Sleep Apnea Treatment?
With Sleep Apnea Treatment, several of your chronic circumstances related with Sleep Apnea could be resolved. It has been shown to enhance daytime sleepiness, concentration and memory, heart disease and heart failure, heartburn and reflux, diabetes manage, erectile dysfunction, depression, and minimize the danger of automobile accidents. Additionally, research show that CPAP is as helpful as taking any one blood stress medication to treatment if left untreated; Sleep Apnea can improve the risk of sudden death.
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Central Sleep Apnea
What's Central Sleep Apnea?
There may be lots of causes to disrupted breathing throughout sleep, and among them is Central Sleep Apnea, but what exactly is Central Sleep Apnea? It might bring about pauses in nighttime breathing, but since the underlying trigger is distinct from obstructive sleep apnea, it needs specialized therapy.
What Is Central Sleep Apnea?
Central Sleep Apnea is really a breathing disorder that happens for the duration of sleep and final results Central Sleep Apnea, the work to breathe stops and there is absolutely no clear obstruction in the airway.
Even though the cause is slightly different, the outcome of Central Sleep Apnea could be the very same. Apnea comes from the Greek and signifies “no breath”. As such, it's related to drops inside the oxygen levels in the blood. The brain detects this and there is an work to wake the afflicted individual to be able to restore breathing. Witnesses may possibly observe noisy or irregular breathing at night and could even see pauses in breathing. The apneic occasion leads to a brief arousal from sleep. As this occurs repeatedly for the duration of the night, it leads to fragmented sleep and significantly less deep sleep. This might lead to insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness.
What Causes Central Sleep Apnea?
The exact cause of Central Sleep Apnea isn't identified. The respiratory handle center within the brain usually regulates breathing. If carbon dioxide levels are reduced beneath regular or if there's damage to neural pathways involved in respiratory handle, there may well be disruptions in breathing.
As talked about above, in contrast to in Obstructive Sleep Apnea, the airway just isn't blocked.
Central Sleep Apnea normally happens inside the transition involving sleep and wakefulness, but it could also persist into the light stages of sleep known as NREM.
The instability of respiratory handle is usually observed in a number of neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple program atrophy. It may also happen in association with all the Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern noticed in individuals with congestive heart failure.
Diagnosis and Remedy of Central Sleep Apnea
Central Sleep Apnea is often diagnosed with a common sleep study called a polysomnogram. This can demonstrate recurrent pauses in breathing during sleep using a lack of work to breathe. Cloth belts wrapped about your stomach and chest are applied to measure breathing effort. They contain a sensor that could detect movement, and in Central Sleep Apnea the effort will lower or cease entirely. It can also be attainable to document drops in blood oxygen level and modifications inside the EEG suggesting sleep fragmentation.
Remedy is ordinarily achieved by supplying a flow of air delivered by means of a face mask worn although sleeping. The prescribed pressure alternates amongst two levels: one particular to breathe in (IPAP) and 1 to breathe out (EPAP). The air is pressurized by a small machine and delivered via plastic hosing towards the mask. Oxygen may also be used.
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Thursday, June 13, 2013
Severe Sleep Apnea
Severe Sleep Apnea Increases Threat Of Death
Individuals with all the Severe Sleep Apnea kind of a disorder that interferes with sleep are quite a few occasions far more probably to die from any bring about than are some people with no apnea, researchers Severe Sleep Apnea.
"This will not be a condition that kills you acutely. It's a situation that erodes your well being as time passes," Dr. Michael J. Twery, director of the National Center on Sleep Problems Study, mentioned inside a phone interview.Persons with such Severe Sleep Apnea "have been sleep deprived for perhaps pretty extended periods of time, they're struggling to sleep. If this is happening evening following night, week following week, on leading of all our other schedules, this is a hazardous recipe," stated Twery, whose center is a part of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
The institute estimates that 12 million to 18 million folks in the U.S. have moderate to extreme apnea. The condition will not be usually detected because the Severe Sleep Apnea when the issue happens and it cannot be diagnosed in the course of a routine workplace take a look at using a medical doctor. Researchers tested the patients for Severe Sleep Apnea inside the laboratory and then followed them over several years.
Severe Sleep Apnea;Disrupted Breathing Depletes Oxygen
For persons with Severe Sleep Apnea, their upper airway becomes narrowed or blocked periodically during sleep. That keeps air from reaching the lungs. In some circumstances, breathing stops for seconds to a minute or so; the pauses in Severe Sleep Apnea and avoid adequate amounts of oxygen from getting into the bloodstream.
"When you cease breathing inside your sleep you do not know it, it does not commonly wake you up," Twery stated. As an alternative, it might move someone from deep sleep to light sleep, when breathing resumes. But their general sleep pattern is disturbed, and it may happen hundreds of times an evening.
He said that an individual commonly may have four or 5 cycles per night of light sleep, deep sleep and REM (speedy eye movement) sleep, when most dreams happen. Additional deep sleep comes early within the night with extra REM sleep closer to waking up. This pattern assists manage hormones, metabolism and levels of strain.
The institute, a part of the National Institutes of Wellness, says apnea has been linked to a greater risk of heart illness, higher blood pressure, stroke, diabetes and excessive daytime sleepiness.
Within the new report, the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort followed 1,522 guys and girls, ages 30 to 60. The annual death rate was 2.85 per 1,000 people today per year for persons without Severe Sleep Apnea.
People today with mild and Severe Sleep Apnea had death rates of five.54 and five.42 per 1,000, respectively, and men and women with extreme apnea had a price of 14.6 per 1,000, researchers said.
Cardiovascular mortality accounted for 26 % of all deaths among people devoid of apnea and 42 percent in the deaths among men and women with Severe Sleep Apnea, based on the researchers led by Terry Young on the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Inside the identical concern from the journal Sleep, a separate study of 380 adults amongst 40 and 65 in Australia came to an equivalent conclusion. This study discovered that right after 14 years; about 33 % of participants with moderate to Severe Sleep Apnea had died, compared with six.5 percent of folks with Severe Sleep Apnea and 7.7 percent of persons without Severe Sleep Apnea.
No Query, Severe Sleep Apnea Can Be Fatal
"Our findings, in addition to these in the Wisconsin Cohort, take away any reasonable doubt that Sleep Apnea is really a fatal illness," said lead author Dr. Nathaniel Marshall on the Woolcock Institute of Health-related Investigation in Sydney, Australia.
Severe Sleep Apnea typically is treated using a device that delivers continuous optimistic airway stress by way of a mask over the nose and/or mouth. The U.S. study identified that patients applying the CPAP device had reduced death rates.There has been debate more than no matter whether to make use of airway stress to treat patients that are not sleepy in the daytime, the report noted.
The U.S. researchers noted that when theirs was a sizable study, 95 percent from the participants have been white and most had adequate earnings and access to overall health care.
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Wednesday, June 12, 2013
Sleep Disturbances
Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Apnea
Most of us have experienced problems sleeping at 1 time or one more. This is normal and commonly short-term, as a result of tension or other outside components. But if sleep challenges are a standard occurrence and interfere along with your everyday life, you may be struggling with a Sleep Disturbances. Sleep Apnea trigger greater than just sleepiness. The lack of top quality sleep can possess a damaging influence in your power, emotional balance, and health. If you’re experiencing sleeping challenges, discover about the symptoms of common sleep issues, what you can do to help oneself, and when to view a doctor
Understanding Sleep Apnea and Sleep Disturbances
Sleep can often be a barometer of your general health. In a lot of circumstances, some people in fantastic wellness tend to sleep nicely, whereas those struggling with repeated sleeping problems and Sleep Disturbancesmay have an underlying medical or mental overall health difficulty, be it minor or critical. Sleeping effectively is crucial to your physical overall health and emotional well-being. However, even minimal sleep loss can take a toll in your mood, power, efficiency, and ability to handle strain. Ignoring SleepApnea can cause poor health, accidents, impaired job functionality, and relationship anxiety. If you'd like to really feel your best, keep wholesome, and perform as much as you’re possible, sleep is often a necessity, not a luxury.
It is not normal to really feel sleepy throughout the day, to have issues finding to sleep at night, or to wake up feeling exhausted. But even if you’ve struggled with sleep issues for so lengthy that it appears normal, you'll be able to nevertheless learn to sleep far better. You can commence by tracking your symptoms and sleep Apnea, after which generating healthy alterations to your daytime habits and bedtime routine. If self-help does not do the trick, you can turn to sleep specialists who're educated in sleep medicine. With each other, you may recognize the underlying causes of the Sleep Apnea and discover strategies to enhance your sleep and good quality of life And can avoid Sleep Disturbances.
Signs and symptoms of Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Disorder
Everyone experiences occasional sleeping issues, but how are you able to inform regardless of whether your sleeping difficulty is just a minor, passing annoyance or possibly a sign of a far more significant Sleep Disturbances or underlying medical situation?
Begin by scrutinizing your symptoms, searching specifically for the telltale daytime indicators of sleep deprivation. Should you are experiencing any in the following symptoms regularly; you could be dealing with a Sleep Disturbances.
Insomnia: By far the most widespread style of Sleep Disturbances
Insomnia, the inability to acquire the amount of sleep you might want to wake up feeling rested and refreshed, could be the most typical sleep complaint. Insomnia is frequently a symptom of a further trouble, which includes pressure, anxiousness, depression, or an underlying overall health situation. It may also be caused by life-style selections, like the medications you take, lack of exercising, jet lag, or even the amount of coffee you drink.
Popular indicators and symptoms of insomnia include:
- Placing a cease towards the problem of sleepless nights
- Insomnia requires a toll on your energy, mood, and potential to function for the duration of the day. But you don’t need to put up with insomnia. Easy changes for your life-style and daily habits can end sleepless nights.
- Difficulty falling asleep at evening or getting back to sleep right after waking throughout the night
- Waking up often through the night
- Your sleep feels light, fragmented, or exhausting
- You might want to take anything (sleeping tablets, nightcap, and supplements) to be able to get to sleep
- Sleepiness and low energy during the day
Whatever the reason for your insomnia, becoming mindful of your sleep habits and mastering to loosen up will help you sleep much better and really feel improved. The superior news is that most situations of insomnia may be cured with life-style adjustments you are able to make in your own-without relying on sleep specialists or turning to prescription or over-the-counter sleeping pills.
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Snoring
Reasons For Snoring And Treatment
Research have shown that up to 50% of adults snore. It is not extremely widespread in children, but it does happen. Snoring, when mild or infrequent, might not be a important issue. Sadly, these that share a bed together with the snorer usually do not feel the exact same way. Loud and frequent Snoring can cause nights on the couch and place unneeded pressures on relationships.
Snoring is definitely an indication that the airway is partially obstructed. This can, over time, turn out to be total obstruction. Snoring is sometimes the only sign that a patient has or is developing Sleep Apnea, which has a lot of side effects, some dangerous and life-threatening.
Snoring has numerous causes of which alcohol may well be 1 too as certain medicines that loosen up the muscles such as sleeping aids. Weight achieve also can contribute to Snoring. This might just amplify an existing anatomic problem previously causing mild obstruction. One of the most widespread trigger is definitely an anatomic abnormality major to obstruction. Essentially the most frequent websites are the roof of the mouth (palate, uvula, and tonsils), throat, and nose. Although particular temporary changes can aggravate these difficulties, like allergies or a cold causing swelling in the nose, most situations are basically longstanding and basically worsen with age.
The diagnosis is generally apparent, specifically for the family of the patient. Snoring that happens evening following night is a crucial indicator of a health-related issue. Outdoors influences which include colds and allergies should really be discounted. If Snoring persists, once these factors are removed, the patient really should seek the assistance of a physician. This examination could consist of a sleep study to confirm or rule out Sleep Apnea. This can be significant due to the fact Sleep Apnea might be present in as quite a few as 80% of all habitual “heroic” snorers.
Weight get also can contribute to Snoring. This might just amplify an current anatomic challenge which was causing mild obstruction previously.
Cause Of Snoring
Treatment varies but is according to eliminating variables that may perhaps lead to the Snoring. This could contain fat loss, alcohol avoidance or particular drugs. These
The other websites of obstruction that may perhaps contribute to Snoring will be the nose and the base with the tongue. Inside the nose, a deviated (crooked) septum may well cause an obstruction. Moreover, typical structures identified as turbinates can chronically enlarge and block airflow. The base from the tongue can also turn out to be enlarged and impede airflow during sleep. Obstruction at these web pages can be treated by several different approaches based on severity.
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Tuesday, June 11, 2013
Cure Sleep Apnea
The way to Cure Sleep Apnea:
Home Treatments, Strategies and Tricks
Sleep Apnea proves a really serious dilemma that individuals of all generations can face. However, many people do not know their possibilities, and they just pick to attempt and deal with the condition. This article will help you get a manage after and for all on controlling your Sleep Apnea.
Keep in mind that you could not always catch oneself with Sleep Apnea each and every evening. In case you are having problems with excessive tiredness or falling asleep throughout the day with no recognized bring about, talk to your medical doctor ideal away. It might be the daytime symptoms that you just notice that lead you to discover that it really is apnea that is definitely causing them.
How To Cure Sleep Apnea
Ask your medical professional about a corrective mouth piece for the Sleep Apnea symptoms. Sleep Apnea is often brought on by a genetically compact jaw, recessed chin or a breathing passage that is too smaller. Mouth pieces might help align your jaw within the suitable way, that will provide you with high-quality sleep.
Attempt an anti-snoring device. Snoring is brought on by your airway closing; apnea is when your air
passage has closed all together. So you could see that it truly is logical that this device can help with both troubles. When you have a machine to assist with snoring it may assist with apnea.Shedding weight will help Sleep Apnea sufferers. If your sleep situation is attributable to obesity, fat loss may possibly solve your problem fully.
Slimming down can considerably lessen the stress in your airway and strengthen the flow of air as you breathe at evening.Try out various issues in addition to tablets to help you sleep. Inside the very same way that alcohol does, sleeping tablets over-loosen up throat muscle tissues. You'll find also a myriad of other issues which will arise together with the use of sleeping tablets. You could possibly wish to ask your doctor to prescribe one thing for you personally that does not have an effect on Sleep Apnea.
Avoid sleeping tablets once you learn you realize you are diagnosed with Sleep Apnea. They're able to loosen up your throat muscle tissues, generating it difficult to get sufficient air when you sleep. Stay away from them at all expenses to prevent your self from hurting the body any additional.
There are several options obtainable, many of them comparatively straightforward. Give your self a standard bedtime and follow your self imposed guidelines. Be sure you set up your bedroom inside a way that promotes restful sleep. If you are not comfy, you might experience insomnia.
Cure Sleep Apnea
You might locate it useful to utilize a nasal spray ahead of you visit sleep at night. Sprays which include chemicals can make your symptoms worse; on the other hand, saline-based sprays might be used far more frequently. They all generally perform by drying the nasal passages.
Your doctor could suggest surgery to correct your Sleep Apnea problem, and also you may perhaps find this believed frightening. Appear in to the possibilities and find out in regards to the side effects. If issues along with your tonsils are a contributing aspect for your Sleep Apnea symptoms, removing them is often a prevalent solution.
Usually do not procrastinate in looking for a treatment. Get started now! When you usually do not go to a physician and locate a treatment, your symptoms will probably worsen over the years. Don’t let time slip past you; take action now and you should really obtain a resolution to all of your Sleep Apnea troubles.
Talk to your partner about their feelings concerning your apnea. It may be that you just have awakened your partner regularly together with your snoring. Speak with them to realize how your situation is affecting them, but let this individual know that you’re actively attempting to lessen the trouble by acquiring aid.
As you understand, many individuals need to cope with Sleep Apnea. It’s imperative that you simply learn all you'll be able to about the subject if you endure from it. Apply what you have learned from this short article, and you will be on your approach to controlling your situation.
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Sign Of Sleep Apnea
Symptoms And Signs Of Sleep Apnea
The sleep disorder can very easily go unnoticed. Here's what to watch for
Sleeping is something but restful for individuals with Sleep Apnea - the truth is, it poses significant health dangers for additional than 18 million Americans. That’s the amount of men and women whom physicians think are living with Sleep Apnea, and numerous of them may possibly be undiagnosed.
Sleep Apnea causes repeated pauses in breathing all through the night. The pauses, which can come about 100 or more instances per hour, happen when your airway is blocked (frequently by the tongue) or too narrow to enable regular breathing.
Even though men are far more probably to become diagnosed with sleep apnea, the prices for females improve right after menopause when hormonal alterations affect muscle tone, generating the airway far more most likely to collapse during sleep.
As well as disrupting your sleep, undiagnosed sleep apnea has been linked to high blood pressure, stroke, memory challenges and diabetes.
Watch for these seven Sign Of Sleep Apnea:
1. Sign Of Sleep Apnea
Your partner complains about loud or chronic snoring
A spouse is typically the first individual to know some thing is wrong, based on Michael Twery, Ph.D., director of the National Center on Sleep Issues Study in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Division of Lung Disease at the National Institutes of Overall health. “Snoring is actually a milder type of airway obstruction; the sound comes in the tissue vibrating as air passes over [a narrowed airway],” he explains. “If you’re snoring loudly, chronically and maintaining your companion awake, it may very well be a Sign Of Sleep Apnea and also you really should speak for your doctor.”
2. Sign Of Sleep Apnea
You gasp for air
In Sleep Apnea, it is typical for pauses in breathing to become followed by gasping, choking or snorting. “When the oxygen within your blood falls throughout breathing pauses, it signals your brain to wake up extremely briefly and draw a breath,” notes Clete Kushida, M.D. Ph.D., health-related director on the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center. “Frantically trying to draw a breath could make you begin gasping, snorting or choking to endeavor to get air.”
In serious circumstances, you may knowledge frenzied gasps for air just about every 15 to 30 seconds all through the night. If your companion notices difficulty breathing during your sleep, or in case your breathing is stopping altogether, “you may possibly desire to discuss your symptoms with a doctor,” says Twery.
3. Sign Of Sleep Apnea
You’re exhausted all day
In spite of the fact that fragmented nighttime sleep results in chronic fatigue, daytime sleepiness is among the most ignored Sign Of Sleep Apnea. “There are likely people today on the market who've had untreated Sleep Apnea for so extended that they have gotten made use of to getting sleep deprived,” says Edward Grandi, executive director from the American Sleep Apnea Association.
Excessive daytime sleepiness is really a frequently ignored sign with the situation, Grandi adds, so if you are spending seven to nine hours in bed per evening and still really feel sleepy for the duration of the day, it may be a Sign Of Sleep Apnea.
4. Sign Of Sleep Apnea
You've got higher blood pressure
Sleep Apnea is linked to hypertension. As outlined by Grandi, the body goes into “fight or flight” mode after you quit breathing and it causes your blood pressure to spike. “This takes place over and over all through the night,” he says. “Eventually, your blood stress doesn’t dip any longer, it stays elevated, placing you at risk for cardiovascular illness.”
5. Sign Of Sleep Apnea
You go to the bathroom generally during the evening
Frequent nighttime urination, referred to as nocturia, impacts nearly 65 percent of adults among the ages of 55 and 84, based on a poll by the National Sleep Foundation. Whilst nocturia could possibly be linked to aging, it’s also a classic Sign Of Sleep Apnea (the fight or flight response triggers a feeling of fullness within the bladder, based on Twery). The possibility of Sleep Apnea should really be considered in case you routinely wake up to make use of the bathroom for the duration of the night.
6. Sign Of Sleep Apnea
You wake up having a headache
Sleep Apnea sufferers might complain of morning headaches. The cause: frequent pauses in breathing throughout the night lower the oxygen levels inside the brain, causing pain. A study published inside the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that headaches were more frequent and lasted longer as Sleep Apnea became a lot more extreme.
7. Sign Of Sleep Apnea
You’re overweight or obese
Up to 67 % of folks diagnosed with Sleep Apnea are overweight (having a BMI more than 25), in line with Kushida. As your weight increases, the fat pads that surround your airway also get larger, narrowing the opening and making it additional tough to breathe. “Losing weight most likely will not make the condition go away but it can boost it,” says Kushida.
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Snoring And Sleep Apnea
Snoring Sleep Apnea Treatment
An estimated 70 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders such as Snoring And Sleep Apnea,two that retain them and their bed partners from finding a fantastic night’s sleep.three A lot of have tried many snoring treatment options and are often left frustrated.
As opposed to other surgical Snoring And Sleep Apnea remedies. a basic technique you could execute inside a single brief workplace go to or in combination with other procedures. This minimally invasive remedy for Snoring And Sleep Apnea is directed in the soft palate. Individuals typically resume typical eating plan and activities precisely the same day.
For the duration of this methodes, tiny polyester implants are placed in to the soft palate. Over time, the implants - together with the body's organic fibrotic response - add structural assistance to and stiffen the soft palate. This reduces the tissue vibration which can trigger snoring, plus the palatal tissue collapse that will obstruct the upper airway and cause Sleep Apnea.
Causes of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
The vibration or collapse of the soft palate can be a substantial contributor to snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. When tissue inside the upper airway flutters or vibrates, it can cause snoring; obstructive Sleep Apnea occurs when tissue collapses and/or blocks the upper airway. Research suggest that the soft palate is involved in more than 80% of snoring and obstructive Sleep Apnea patients.
As muscles in the upper airway relax for the duration of sleep, unsupported or excess tissue in the back of your mouth and throat can collapse, thereby decreasing the cross-sectional region from the airway. For any continuous volume of inspired air, the air speed by way of the collapsed region should enhance. Whenever there's an increase in air velocity, there is also a corresponding drop in stress. This decrease stress results in the creation of a lifting force comparable to that of an airplane wing.
In the airway, this creates an imbalance of forces. The palate vibrates as the aerodynamic forces overwhelm the structural integrity of the palate, resulting in snoring sounds. When the damaging pressure within the airway reaches a vital point, the combination of collapsible tissues and loss of muscle tone causes airway collapse or obstruction, resulting in obstructive Sleep Apnea.
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